My dad's fingertips have become really round and the nails are curving over the edge

Liver diseases, such as cirrhosis and primary biliary cholangitis, have also been linked to nail clubbing. These conditions can cause metabolic changes and alterations in blood circulation, contributing to the development of clubbing. Digestive diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), can also be associated with clubbing.
In cases where liver function is impaired, toxins and metabolic by-products may not be properly eliminated from the body, leading to changes in the nails and fingertips. It is essential for individuals with known liver or digestive disorders to monitor for signs of clubbing and consult their healthcare provider if changes occur.
7. When Thyroid And Other Hormonal Issues Show Up In The Nails
Thyroid disorders, particularly hyperthyroidism, can sometimes manifest as nail clubbing. The increased metabolic rate and changes in blood flow associated with hyperthyroidism may contribute to the development of clubbing. Other hormonal imbalances, such as those related to the endocrine system, may also play a role.
While less common than pulmonary or cardiac causes, hormonal disorders should be considered in the differential diagnosis of nail clubbing, especially if other symptoms of thyroid dysfunction, such as weight loss, palpitations, or heat intolerance, are present.
8. Could It Be Cancer? Serious Illnesses Sometimes Behind Clubbing
Although it is a less frequent cause, certain cancers can lead to nail clubbing. Lung cancer is the most notable malignancy associated with clubbing, but other cancers, such as mesothelioma and certain gastrointestinal cancers, may also cause this condition.
In cases where clubbing is linked to cancer, it is often due to the body's response to the tumor, which may involve the release of substances that affect blood flow and tissue growth. It is crucial to investigate unexplained clubbing thoroughly to rule out serious underlying conditions such as cancer.
9. When To Worry, What To Tell The Doctor, And Tests To Expect 

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